Negative Effects of the Internet

Introduction Today it is eminent that the role of computers has a huge impact on every person. Computerization has taken over the majority of the societal roles and has dramatically improved lives. The battle with technology is dynamic and a continuous process expected to bring about new challenges each day.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Negative Effects of the Internet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This primary influence comes from the internet usage that seems to be very vibrant particularly among the youth due to the stable and anticipated creativity. The society is dependent on technology today and having computers in the workplace, homes, and mobility enable effectiveness and efficiency. Today’s technology has advanced to a point where there is massive support of security intelligence. The internet, therefore, enables resourceful communication and sharing of any form of information whether it is useful or abusive. Thesis Statement â€Å"The internet technology is affecting an individual’s life in a negative way.† This paper examines the real situational effects of internet technology on users and forms an analysis of how the internet can cause depression. The analysis also focuses on the intellectual behavior of people regarding effects and other cyber-related crimes. Literature Review Effects of Internet usage on the brain and behavioral development One prominent impact of internet technology is the creation of a democratic media. The broadcast is international and free. According to McDonnell (p.1) the highly recognized sites that allow a personal view makes the aspect of internet publishing easy and accessible to the majority without the need for technical knowledge. Internet tools in the majority of the search engines such as Google promote democratic media and form a basis for other macro-media such as weblogs, videocasts, wikis and podcasts. The universa l knowledge behind these tools is to enhance knowledge transmission by allowing direct and literal subscription and automatic collection of text, audio or visual data. Internet is thus a good source of peer pressure, particularly among the youth. Through internet usage, people are putting up with negative information and giving up personal trust and values, and such pressure becomes a form of a negative force. In most cases, it would be invariable to have a link between the development of the brain and the behaviors. The Internet provides high emotional or intense influences, thus leading to a poor decision such as crime related activities.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The brain of a teenager is under some less optimal control mechanisms and thus under higher probability to act from guts or instincts in submitting to internet posting that relates to criminal activities, espec ially when confronted with stressful, depressing or emotional strains. Internet users are hastier, insistent, emotionally volatile, high-risk takers, proactive and reactive to strain or stress and are thus at risk of peer influences (McDonnell, p.1). They focus on the short time payoffs, underrate any long-term consequences, and are therefore prone to looking for an alternative course of actions such as cyber crimes. Psychological Effects of Internet on Young People Young people are often curious; therefore, their time on the internet is the time of experimenting and seeking newness. The adolescent brain may be more vulnerable to social discomforts due to internet addiction. These social effects can bring about potential social experiences, such as contributing to the feeling of less shyness, more interaction, ability to hack others’ information and discover more from the internet. Some of the unrestricted information on the internet also causes negative behaviors. Phonograph ic material causes negative anxiety and inability to make decisions makes them feel the need to explore their sexuality and deal with different emotions concern with uncertain and impulsive activities since human beings have to make decisions based on the challenge at hand. There are many different reasons why people use the internet, probably to relax, have fun, find rest, forget problems, and mostly to meet friends. The youth mainly engage in internet activities because they easily find their styles. They suffer from external or internal anxieties while trying to be like others. Internet usage is fine as long as it serves the role of determining the right character in a person. The social interaction on the internet is arguably one of the reasons why American teenagers mimic the same lifestyles and have similar talking style. People in a group network act differently and do some weird activities they would probably not do on their own. This is the identity of a group as opposed to that of an individual. The control placed on these behaviors can easily crumple before the achievement of a valued need. One of the huge challenges of internet usage among children and teenagers is increased maturity and changes in the lifestyle that easily leads to criminal activities or conflicts. If not controlled, internet usage leads to addiction or continual usage thus a trend that causes solitary usage and depression. In most instances, when solitary use occurs, then the addict has more significant future problems related to chronic addiction and isolation from the rest or even communication problems that may lead to mental-related complications (Kelland, p.1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Negative Effects of the Internet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If not controlled, internet usage leads to addiction. This form of usage thus causes friendlessness and depression. In most instances, when solitary occurs, then the internet addict has more significant future problems related to other kinds of chronic addictions and communication problems that may lead to mental-related complications. According to Glor, (p.1), addictive surfing can have a severe impact on mental health, â€Å"internet addicts† spent proportionately more time browsing sexually satisfying websites, online gaming sites, and online communities. They replace real-life social interaction with online chat rooms and social networking sites and this in time is replacing normal social function, which might have a link to psychological disorders like depression and addiction. Cyberbullying is also becoming a common trend where we find rude comments and insulting words that one would never use in person. The police explorations of whether cyber intimidation was the root cause of teenage suicide in the New York town of West Islip, is a clear indication of how internet addiction is contributing to depression. That Soc cer star Alexis Pilkington, 17, took her own life on March 21, 2010, following social disturbances from social networking sites (Glor, p.1). Analysis of Internet addiction as a psychological illness According to Citizen (p.1), when someone is, using the internet, it is possible to suffer from several illnesses or addicted. The illness or condition depends on what you are doing and how long you will be online. When used to cyber cafe visits to read e-mail, one is tempted to take more time to excessive gaming, chatting and text messaging. This can lead to brain illness because people often neglect essential livelihood requirement such as sleep or food due to internet addiction, they suffering but consciously assume it is a healthy lifestyle. This chronic illness can smoothly go unnoticed unless a therapist intercedes (Citizen, p.1). The most affected people are those who are educated but socially shy. In line with Citizen (p.1), they are mostly the middle age women. They use computers as an escape route from reality. A computer does affect people’s lives and cause emotional upsets to the person who wants to be pre-occupied online for a long time. Effects of Internet on Lifestyles â€Å"The Chinese government launched a national wide campaign after a survey found that 14 percent of their teens are vulnerable to becoming addicted to the internet† (Eunjung Cha, p.1). According to the government, they are trying to stamp out what the communist youth league calls â€Å"a grave social problem† (Eunjung Cha, p.1).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The state policies focus more on eliminating cybercrime, which seem to ruin lives for instance cases where causes of assassination have a connection to mimicked characters in online entertainments. The internet is equally forming a sequence of suicide-related cases and poor studies, especially among the youth. Depression and suicidal thoughts are higher among the students deemed â€Å"internet-addicts† (Eunjung Cha, p.1). According to self-report questionnaires, gender is not a differential factor. Internet addiction was likely to affect males, as well as females and cause children-major depression disorder. Eunjung Cha, (p.1) indicated that users are becoming addicted to the internet similarly that individuals become addicted to drugs or alcohol. This internet addiction finally leads to academic, social and occupational impairments. According to Eunjung Cha, (p.1), individuals on chat rooms may use tactics, such as peer pressure to arouse feelings and thus course them to com mit suicide. Effects of internet on schools Today, digital technology has become completely part of the youth’s life. It has fully incorporated all the social characteristics in their lives. Many students pick up new styles of learning, communicating with new people and formulating creativity. The behaviors are like permanent fixtures into their reasoning styles and operating procedures. It is common to find a situation where children use knowledge-gathering techniques that appear alien to adults, mainly their parents and teachers. In relation to Lane (p.1), such advancements have severe impacts on the education platform. People have established ways of harnessing the technological aspects into career settings for decades but failed to implement security and ways of limiting information access. There is some resistance on usage, but implementation is a good indication that educators appreciate the effectiveness and importance of technology. According to McDonnell (p.1), the e ducation sector is the most affected by internet usage; students can gather techniques of hacking networks and finding illegal ways of accessing information. This is arguably the reason why institutions are also not enthusiastic enough to embrace full technological platforms such as digital networks and incorporation of social networks to education systems. They focus on security matters due to potential threats posed by social network technologies. Conclusion Current social settings can give the impression that internet usage is under control, but a closer look at the phenomenon indicates that every day a person starts to use and subsequently becomes addicted to the negative aspects available in the net. Possibly the pressure to resist deception is tremendous and persistent unless there is an intervention, especially by the authorities such as parents when the person involved, is a minor. Sometimes failure to control internet access is due to the current social setting for instance ; most of the parents are full-time employees probably looking for the overtime and better remuneration in support of the family. They may be trying to work out one area while the other collapses. The biggest problem in the majority of the minds lies on the reason why people especially the youth are misusing the internet. The most likely answer is within the family setting. They emulate their parents who are their closest role models. They embrace the social settings and meet friends who deceive them into engaging in social mischiefs such as pornography, online gambling, and information-hacking activities. They may also suffer from solitary use due to stress. Whichever the case, parents are the most effective cure to the vice. It is the parental responsibility to face the problem and talk out with the teenagers on the dangers involved before things are out of hand. Works Cited Citizen, Ottawa. â€Å"Recognize Internet addiction as a mental illness, MD urges that compulsive e-mailin g and text messaging could soon become classified as an official brain illness.† Canada: CanWest MediaWorks Publications Inc .2008. Web. Eunjung Cha, Ariana. â€Å"In China, Stern Treatment For Young Internet ‘Addicts’.† Washington, WA: The Washington Post Foreign Service. 2007. Web. Glor, Jeff. â€Å"Cyberbullying Continued After Teen’s Death.† New York, NY: CBS Interactive Inc. March 29, 2010. Web. Kelland, Kate. â€Å"Study links excessive Internet use to depression.† London, UK: Lane, Reuters Inc. Feb 3, 2010. Web. Lane, Christopher. â€Å"Side Effects From quirky to serious, trends in psychology and psychiatry.† New York, NY: Sussex Publishers, LLC. 2009. Web. McDonnell, Dean. â€Å"How does the internet affect the way we mentally behave?† Hubpages Inc. (n.d.) Web. This essay on Negative Effects of the Internet was written and submitted by user Kassidy Bowen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Use the Modifier Most in English

How to Use the Modifier Most in English The modifier most is commonly used in English in a wide variety of situations. You are probably familiar with the use of most in the superlative form, but there are other uses as well. Below you will find explanations of each of the different ways most is used to modify nouns, as well as in the superlative form and as an adverb. (The) Most is different than more which you can learn about on this page dedicated to the uses of more in English. (The) Most Superlative Form The most is used in the superlative form with adjectives of two or more syllables. The opposite of this form is the least (i.e. I enjoy corn the least of all the vegetables.) Examples: California is the most important state for the US economy.I think she is the most intelligent person I have ever met. One of the Most in the Superlative Form Its also common to use one of before the most in superlative forms to refer to something that is among a group of the most of a quality. The opposite of this form is one of the least (i.e. That is one of the least interesting films this year.) Examples: Peter is one of the most reliable people on this planet.Golden Retrievers are one of the most likable dog breeds. Most Noun Determiner Most is used before a noun as a determiner to speak in general. Remember that the plural form is used when speaking in general about countable items or people (Most people enjoy a vacation in the tropics). When speaking about uncountable objects, use the singular form (Most steel is used in construction). Examples: Most students would like to take a year off ​from studies to travel.Sharon said most food sold in supermarkets contains preservatives. Most of Determiner Noun Use most of the / a / this, etc. noun when referring more specific objects. Remember that the is used to indicate a specific object that both the listener and the speaker understand, whereas a is used to speak about something listeners do not which specific instance is referred to. This, these, that or those can be used as well as possessive adjectives such as my, your, his, etc. Examples: Most of my time is spent in a classroom teaching English.Sharon said that most of these trees were planted in 1878 by the organization. Most Alone Most can be used alone when the noun being modified is understood through context. For example, during a conversation, you may refer to a particular group of people and use most to indicate most of the people we are discussing. Examples: I think most believe the economy will continue to slowly improve.(Speaking to a friend about food items) I bought most at the supermarket downtown. (The) Most as Adverb (The) Most can also be used as an adverb to describe a that someone does or feels something the most compared to others. Examples: I like raspberry jam the most.She was hurt by John the most. Most Verb in Formal English Most can be used to mean very in formal English. This form is not common in everyday conversations, but you may certainly hear it in films such as historical fiction, stories about kings and queens, etc. Examples: I find it most disturbing that you continue to telephone.She felt the afternoon outing was most enjoyable.

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as Transportation Fuel

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as Transportation Fuel Use of compressed natural gas, or CNG, as an alternative vehicle fuel is growing in significance with many city-owned fleets converting to the fuel. Though not renewable, CNG still holds some advantages over other fossil fuels such as petroleum. Here are five quick takeaways to help you understand the use of CNG as a transportation fuel. The Safety of Compressed Natural Gas One of the first questions raised about the use of CNG in vehicles is safety. Maybe its because of its stealth persona as an odorless, colorless gas, but natural gas tends to strike fear into people over worries of explosion or related catastrophes. Yet, compressed natural gas has actually grown in popularity because it is seen, by those who actually know the facts, as a safe fuel choice. In fact, its not too hard to see why CNG is actually considered to be safer than gasoline. Natural gas is lighter than air, so a spill wont puddle the way gasoline will nor will it sink close to the ground like propane. Instead, CNG rises into the air and then dissipates in the atmosphere. In addition, CNG has a higher ignition temperature. In other words, its harder to ignite. Finally, CNG storage systems are much stronger than the typical gasoline tank found on a car or truck. Where CNG Comes From So where does CNG come from? The answer lies deep beneath your feet because natural gas is an organic compound, deposited deep within the earth. Although considered an alternative fuel, unlike many of its counterparts, natural gas is a fossil fuel and is primarily methane comprised of hydrogen and carbon. It is estimated that there are enough reachable deposits of natural gas below the Earths surface to last long after stores of petroleum have been depleted, though the supply is not infinite by any stretch. In addition, there is controversy over the environmental impact of fracking, the method used to reach natural gas deposits lying deeper under the Earths surface. Using Natural Gas For Vehicles The process of allowing natural gas to be used by a vehicle begins with natural gas being compressed and entering the vehicle through the natural gas dispenser or other filling means. From there, it goes directly into high-pressure cylinders located somewhere on the vehicle. When the car is accelerated, CNG leaves this on-board storage cylinder, passes along the fuel line and then enter the engine compartment where it enters the regulator which reduces the pressure from as high as 3,600 psi down to atmospheric pressure. A natural gas solenoid valve enables natural gas to move from the regulator into the gas mixer or fuel injectors. Mixed with air, natural gas flows on through the carburetor or the fuel injection system and from there, enters the engines combustion chambers. Compressed Natural Gas Vehicles Although over 25 automakers produce nearly 100 models of natural gas vehicles and engines for the U.S. market, the only CNG vehicle available for personal consumer use is made by Honda. CNGs market in the U.S. has been primarily for transit buses, where over 10,000 are currently used in the country. Its estimated that about one in five buses currently on order are CNG vehicles. But numbers elsewhere around the world are much high with an estimated 7.5 million natural gas vehicles on the streets globally. Thats twice what there was as recently as 2003. Its forecasted that by 2020, more than 65 million NGVs will be in use worldwide. CNG is Cost Effective CNG is also economically attractive. The U.S. Department of Energy has reported that the average nationwide price of a gallon of gas equivalent of CNG was as low as $2.04 per gallon in recent years. Prices are even lower in some areas of the country. Local and state governments have reported having their fuel bills cut in half by increasing the use of natural gas vehicles.

Is the Shale Revolution just hype Discuss with reference to two Essay

Is the Shale Revolution just hype Discuss with reference to two examples - Essay Example However, the migration is sometimes blocked by rock barriers and the hydrocarbons accumulate underneath such cap, eventually turning into a conventional gas reservoir (Curtis, 2002). Such hydrocarbons which stay in the source rock make up shale gas or shale oil. Such gas is usually trapped underneath the surface, close to 1500 to 3000 metres in the source rock where the hydrocarbons have originally formed (Curtis, 2002). This makes shale gas or shale oil very much difficult to extract. Shale gas is considered unconventional gas because it is said to come from accumulation with significant spatial aspects and vaguely indicated boundaries independent of the water column (Stevens, 2012). Conventional gas is usually drilled with the gas flowing at voluminous rates. For the unconventional gas, drilling is not sufficient to support commercial distribution. Other processes are needed in order to support commercial flow. Primary technologies needed for shale gas include horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing with the water, sand, as well as chemicals incorporated into the horizontal borehole at high pressure to break the shale rocks and then discharge the gas (Stevens, 2012). Both technologies are not new technologies, as horizontal drilling has been applied in the 1930s and fracking has first been seen in the US in 1947. The popular use of shale gas is said to have created a revolution as shifts in shale gas use, especially in the US has been seen. However, other scholars and observers are doubtful of the existence and persistence of such a phenomenon or a revolution. This paper shall discuss whether or not the shale gas revolution is just hype or whether it is reality. Various examples shall be used in order to support specific arguments for this paper. Shale gas increased to about 20%, from 1% in 2000 of the domestic gas production in the US by 2010 (Stevens, 2010). The Energy Information

The Patriot (analysis of the film) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Patriot (analysis of the film) - Essay Example The Patriot The American Freedom struggle has been the subject of many Hollywood movies. Roland Emmerich's 'The Patriot', released in 2000 was an epic film which created a stir worldwide.The film was released as a novel by Stephen Molstad in the same year. Mel Gibson won various acclaims for portraying the role of Benjamin Martin realistically. The plot of the film revolves around an ex war veteran who had fought for the French Government. A successful farmer and a father with seven children Benjamin Martin is shown as a man with principles, who has lost his belief in war. He is a neutral who does not support either the colonists or the crown. He simply says â€Å"I'm a parent. I haven't got the luxury of principles†. But war pulls him into action. Revenge as Motive Benjamin's plantation is targeted by the British armies. They kill one of his sons and take another as captive, burning his property and committing various atrocities just for helping some injured soldiers. Benjami n rescues his son with the help of his other children and starts working in favour of the colonists winning the war for them, though he suffers some personal losses from his side. The death of his beloved son and his loyal servants deeply scars Benjamin. He comes across various atrocities committed by the British army in the US to bring down the resistance. For example, we can mention the burning of his daughter in-laws village church along with all its citizens. The vengeance against the British army is portrayed in several places in the film. Gabriel his elder son is killed by Tavington. Leono Rippy, one of Martin’s confederate’s family members are burned down causing his suicide. Tcheky Karyo Martin’s second command-in line describes how both his daughters were burnt to death by the British people. These experiences turn him into a vengeneful man making revenge the main plot of the film. In a particular scene Benjamin and his colleague visits a filthy restaur ant to enlist soldiers for fighting in the American army. Nobody is particularly interested. But, once they say praise the British crown, everybody in the area starts attacking them with pitchfork, knives and rods. The hatred for the Europeans among the Americans is shown comically in this scene. Facts shown in the film Certain facts shown in the film are true while others are completely imaginative. The facts shown about the final battle of the film combined the incidents which took place in the Battles of Cowpens and Guilford court house. The facts are shown from the perspective of the American people rather than from the perspective of the British soldiers. In fact, they are depicted as monsters in most of the film undermining some major victories they achieved in the war. The film creates a rosy world where the good triumphs over the evil because the hero sacrifices his personal benefits and puts the nation in front of him. The Benjamin Martin Character is a combination of vario us real life war heroes like Joseph Plumb Martin and Francis Marion. Francis Marion known as the Swamp Fox is considered as one of the major soldiers behind the guerrilla attacks which were largely responsible for defeating the British Army during the American freedom fight. The war strategies of Benjamin Martin resemble the way Francis Marion fought. The Guerrilla groups always targeted the head of small platoons first. They were able to imprison the confused and leaderless soldiers much easily once the in-charge was captured. Benjamin's character is shown having a similar lifestyle and education to Joseph Plumb Martin. He belongs to a wealthy family, knows how to read and write and lived as a farmer for most of his life. The Benjamin Martin character's children were also named after original Martin's children as Nathan, Thomas and Susan. One major difference between the Joseph Plumb Martin and Benjamin Martin is that, Joseph volunteered in the American Freedom fight as a youngster and

Historical Interpretations Role in The of a national or international policy for Cultural Heritage Protection Essay Example for Free

Historical Interpretations Role in The of a national or international policy for Cultural Heritage Protection Essay The main difference between approaches to Cultural Heritage Protection, as discussed by Muller, namely between â€Å"object-centrism† and â€Å"functionalism† is associated with the fact that the first approach regards the cultural object and its protection as a value in its own right, while the latter focuses on the cultural object in the context of its meaning for society and its processes of acculturation and socialization. Object-centrism advocates primacy of the cultural object rather than its value, be it artistic or economic (Muller, 1998). Artworks of the past are seen as valuable treasures, and the integrity of entire set of objects produced by a certain culture has to be protected. Object-centrism scholars â€Å"focus on the primacy of the heritage object, considering that it has a value existing independently of people that should not be susceptible to any change† (Loulanski, 2006, p. 215). This approach also argues for the necessity of protection of information about a given culture, and cultural objects serve as a source of such information. Thus, while archaeology is a typical example of the philosophy of object-centrism, anthropology also fits in the picture by virtue of preserving information and data about cultures. As concerns the answer to the question which is at the heart of the debate on Cultural Heritage Protection, namely whether nation state or international community should be the guardian of cultural heritage, object-centrism only cares about the safety and integrity of the cultural object and not the nature of its stewardship. Proponents of object-centrism argue that practical value of the cultural object is hard to determine, since it might have little utility now but be of great importance for future generations. And in the light of little connection between ancient and modern societies, ancient heritage is worth preservation in it own right. However, this approach has come in for much criticism: â€Å"Although the object-centric approach seems more sensible for guaranteeing the rights of existence for all cultural heritage, and modern because it prioritizes the integrity of cultural heritage, it proves to be somewhat illogical and unrealistic† (Loulanski, 2006, p. 216). Cultural objects are inherently connected to human societies and histories, thus it is unproductive to view them outside of their natural context. Rather than regarding heritage as a set of cultural objects, it should be regarded in the light of public good it is able to create: â€Å"Increasingly cultural heritage is seen as a much broader phenomenon which can contribute to political ideals, to economic prosperity and to social cohesion† (Council of Europe, 2000, p. 3). Cultural heritage has been linked to national unity, citizenship, appreciation of diversity, cultural identity and memory, amenity, sustainable development and quality of life. Graham (2002) suggests â€Å"the concept of heritage as a social construction, imagined, defined and articulated within cultural and economic practice† (p. 1003). In my view, functionalism is a more productive approach to cultural heritage protection. However, it poses dome difficulties for historical interpretation, since it denies the idea that cultural objects have value in their own right. Each nation has its own approach to assigning value to and defining functions of cultural objects. Thus, international community might disagree with interpretations suggested by nation stares. It imperative to separate historical interpretation from other forms of interpretation: â€Å"Historical interpretation must be based on a multidisciplinary archaeological and/or historical study of the site and its surroundings, yet must also indicate clearly and honestly where conjecture, hypothesis or philosophical reflection begin† (Pathways to Cultural Landscapes, 2002 p. 5). The solution to the problem is to engage all interested stakeholders in the process of historical interpretation, be they different groups within one society or different countries in the global community.

Social and Medical Disability Models Essay -- Disability

Introduction In this assignment, I aim to provide the reader with an overview of two prominent models of disability: the medical model and the social model. More specifically, I intend to outline the differences between these models, especially their theory and practice. Firstly, I will note the definition of what a model of disability is and point to its relevance in disability studies. I will also briefly examine the origins of both the medical and social models, but mainly outlining the contributions of their respective theoretical content and influence in society. Overall, the main aim of the assignment is to be achieved by providing a general outline of the social and medical disability models, which can be used to highlight the differences in the theoretical basis and practice methods. This will serve the reader with an overview of both disability models, which acknowledges the differences to how disability can be defined and approached in society. Outlining the differences of the medical and social models of disability, giving detail of their respective theory and practice Impairment, disability and the use of models of disability A clear definition of the term disability, it can be widely presumed, has never been universally agreed upon by any lay or in-depth study. This can be due to disability pertaining to different viewpoints; ultimately, the person who experiences the impairment and the person who does not. Another factor can be the norms found in various world cultures (Thomas, 2002). There is also conflicting discussion on the contextual nature of impairment, which is vital to denoting disability. Usually when signifying dysfunction of a bodily organ or appendage, examples of impairment woul... ...dine, M. & Dukelow, F. 2009. Irish Social Policy: A Critical Introduction. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan Hammell, K. 2006. Perspectives on disability & rehabilitation: Contesting Assumptions; Challenging Practice. Philidelphia: Churchill Livingstone McClaren, N. 1998. ‘A Critical Review of the Biopsychosocial Model’, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 32, No. 1: pp. 86 - 92 Oliver, M. 1990. The Politics of Disablement. London: The MacMillan Press Ltd Oliver, M. 1996. Understanding Disability: From Theory to Practice. Hampshire: Palgrave Royal Association for Disability Rights (RADAR). 2010. Accessed from http://www.radar.org.uk/radarwebsite on the 6th November 2010 Thomas, C. (2002). ‘Disability Theory: Key ideas, Issues and Thinkers’, In: Barnes, C., Barton, L. & Oliver, M. Disability Studies Today. Cambridge: Polity Press. pp: 38 - 57

Do you agree the professional athletes such as football player and basketball player deserve high salaries to be paid? Essay

Undoubtedly, there is a long and tough way towards becoming a great and the famous sports star, not only persistent efforts but also talent are required. Few people on this field could accomplish great things like them. As a reward, they deserve a higher compensation. However, in my opinion, they are paid a crazy amount of salary that is far more than ordinary working people. A lot of money is needed for many purposes, for example, for the aid of starving people in the less economically developing counties, in building school buildings for the children in poverty mountains and help the patients regain their health. If the money that spent on the professional athletes are used on the purpose of these bare necessities of life. Thousands of people will be benefited, which is more meaningful in my opinion. In addition, there are professionals in other fields that provide the population by far much more than the professional athletes such as player of football. For example, education, essentially, is a vital key that will unlock a country’s potential. However, teachers are not paid too much. Generally, teachers are paid between 3000 to 6000 yuan a month in my city. Even those senior professor, who have years of experiences and have the respect of his students, is always paid less than 10000. Similarly, the average doctor, who have working more than 8 hours a day, earns around 5000 yuan a month. Hence, we have to pay more attention and pay more wages to them rather than the professional athletes. From those reasons, we can safely conclude that professional athletes are supposed to pay higher but moderate wages

Comparing the Ways

Compare the ways in which Owen powerfully portrays physical and mental consequences of war in the poems ‘Disabled' and ‘Mental Cases' Wilfred Owen's poems ‘Disabled' and ‘Mental Cases' each portray very different aspects of war and its consequences. As their names suggest, ‘Mental Cases' is about the psychological effects war had on soldiers, whereas ‘Disabled' focuses more on the physical consequences of war. However, in both poems the physical and mental costs are all intertwined, and although they describe very different situations, in many ways the poems are alike in their portrayal of the consequences of war overall.The first ways in which we can compare these poems is by their content, language and tone. In the poem ‘Disabled', Owen states the subject's situation in the first line of the poem: â€Å"He sat in a wheeled chair, waiting for dark† this line bluntly highlights to the reader that the subject is disabled, and is obvious ly very handicapped by his injury, because he cannot do anything except ‘waiting for dark'. The narrator the informs the reader of exactly what the man's injuries are, in the same direct style – â€Å"Legless, sewn short at elbow. This emphasizes how starkly and immediately obvious the man's injuries would be to somebody who saw him. In comparison, the poem ‘Mental Cases' starts with the line â€Å"Who are these? Why sit they here in twilight? â€Å"; which is a far less straight forward line, and reflects how little was understood about the mental effects of war at the time. The physical consequences of war are not as prominent in ‘Mental Cases', but they are still mentioned.The most powerful example is when the narrator describes how the shell-shocked soldiers appear: â€Å"their heads wear this hilarious, hideous, awful falseness of set-smiling corpses† and the reader comes to understand that their torment is so great they have lost control of t heir facial muscles. Owen uses the phrase â€Å"their faces wear† to show that their facial expressions are not a true illustration of their feelings, but like a mask covering their thoughts. He then eerily compares their expressions to that of â€Å"set-smiling corpses†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ to perhaps to suggest that these men are almost dead with torment.Another powerful physical description in ‘Mental Cases' is â€Å"their eyeballs shrink tormented – back into their brains† which paints a picture of how gaunt the men's faces are, and how their mental torture is so real to them, that their eyes physically shrink away from the memories. Overall, physical consequences of war provide the central problem for the subject of ‘Disabled', whereas in ‘Mental Cases' the subjects' poor physical condition is because of their mental state. This brings us on to the powerful portrayal of the mental consequences of war in these poems. Mental Cases' is set in an ins titute for mentally damaged soldiers, and starts with a stanza questioning how the men concerned have been reduced to such a state of insanity. One very powerful question which describes the men's mental torment is â€Å"-but what slow panic gouged these chasms round their fretted sockets? † The oxymoron â€Å"slow panic† highlights just how terrible the suffering of the men is as panic is one of the most horrible, alarmed and rushed emotions a person can feel; so to have this feeling drawn out and slow is awful.Owens use of the verb ‘gouged' is also poignant as it is a violent action, so it underlines that these men are the victims of something brutal. Another particularly moving line in the first stanza is â€Å"Ever from hair and through their hands' palms Misery swelters† This statement is very effective at showing how all-consuming their fear and misery is as it metaphorically compares the misery to sweat; which of course comes out of every pore of on e's skin, and the verb â€Å"swelters† is adds to the effect as it conveys the clammy fever which is plaguing the men along with their memories.In comparison to ‘Mental Cases', the poem ‘Disabled' describes less direct mental consequences of war; as the subject of the poem is not suffering from shell-shock, but rather from the loneliness and helplessness which his disability is causing him. Before the war, the subject of the poem was a handsome and popular teenager who was excellent at football, however, his injuries have left him disfigured and completely dependent on others, which leads to a mental torment far subtler but almost as agonising as that of the subjects in ‘Mental Cases' – he spends all his time thinking about the time before the war, and regretting that he signed up.This is the main tragedy behind this poem – the fact that the whole situation could have been prevented if he hadn't. The narrator of the poem recognises this, and ex presses the subject's regret with lines such as â€Å"In the old times, before he threw away his knees†. The use of the phrase â€Å"threw away† shows that the subject does not think that it was worth it – he feels that he lost his limbs for nothing; it was a waste. It also suggests that he blames himself for what happened.Another phrase which is very powerful in conveying the mental consequences of war on the subject of this poem is in the first line; when he is described as sitting and â€Å"waiting for dark†. This shows how he empty his life is, because he has nothing to do but wait for darkness to come, so he can go to bed. The final phrase which powerfully portrays the mental consequences of war is when, describing how the subject was naive when he signed up for the war, the narrator writes â€Å"no fears of Fear came yet. By turning the second ‘fear' into a proper noun, Owen powerfully suggests that there are a multitude of different things e ncompassed in this word for a soldier, and shows how central fear was to soldiers' lives when they were at war. Overall, ‘Mental Cases' shows the most vicious and forceful mental consequences that war could have on a soldier, whereas ‘Disabled' shows an indirect and much more subtle, yet still tormenting psychological impact of war. One thing which the poems have in common concerning the consequences of war, is that it is clear in both that war demanded great sacrifice from the soldiers, and caused great loss for them.This is very powerfully portrayed in ‘Disabled' when the narrator writes â€Å"He's lost his colour very far from here, poured it down shell-holes till the veins ran dry† these two lines are particularly poignant due to Owens use of the verb â€Å"poured† which emphasizes the excessiveness of the young man's loss of blood. The word â€Å"colour† here could be interpreted to mean the man's happiness and natural blush; which reminds the reader again of how handsome and popular he had been.The final point which makes this line so powerful is the phrase â€Å"till his veins ran dry† which conveys to the reader that the subject gave everything he had to the war – his limbs and with them his successful life -, yet got nothing back. In comparison, the subjects of ‘Mental Cases' lost their minds to the war; because of the unimaginable horrors they experienced. The narrator sums this up in the lines â€Å"Carnage incomparable, and human squander rucked too thick for these men's extrication† this shows that the men experienced too many horrors and too much slaughter for them to endure.Another point which both poems express is that the consequences of war, both physical and mental, are irreversible. This is obvious in ‘Disabled', as there is no way he can get his legs back; but the narrator emphasizes this throughout the poem by using the word ‘never' frequently. For example †Å"Now, he is old; his back will never brace†. By describing the man, who cannot be more than nineteen years old, as old, Owen shows the reader just how much of an effect the war had on the subject, as age is one of the few indisputably irreversible things in life.In comparison, the narrator of ‘ Mental Cases', when describing the soldiers' memories, says â€Å"Wading sloughs of flesh these helpless wander. Treading blood from lungs that had loved laughter† by describing them as ‘helpless' the narrator shows he considers the men beyond help. After all, how can you help someone if the source of all their problems is their own memories? The lines are made particularly powerful as they describe the soldiers remembering when they trod on lungs which â€Å"had loved laughter†.This shows that the soldiers had known and laughed with the men whose lungs they were forced to step on because the ground was covered with so many bodies. Another line where we get th e sense that the shell-shocked men are beyond help is when the narrator says â€Å"on their sense sunlight seems a blood-smear†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"Dawn breaks open like a wound that bleeds afresh†: if something as beautiful and pure as sunlight and sunrise reminds these men of blood and wounds, then we feel that nothing will ever calm them, and bring them back to sanity. Another way in which we can compare these poems is by their structure.Most noticeably, ‘Disabled' is considerably longer than ‘Mental Cases'. This reflects how the subject of ‘Disabled' is in a state of thoughtfulness and pondering, whereas the narrator of ‘Mental Cases' is simply explaining the subjects to somebody, and therefore does not spend as much time contemplating. The two poems are similar in structure in the sense that they both fluctuate between past and present, but ‘Disabled' does so far more often than ‘Mental Cases' and this again could reflect the contempla tion of the subject. Finally, ‘Mental Cases' does not rhyme at all, whereas ‘Disabled' has a constant, although not regular, rhyme scheme.The lack of rhyme in ‘Mental Cases' could reflect how harsh the realities of war are, and the raw pain and horror that is shell-shock; perhaps Owen did not want to dampen the brutality of the truth in this piece by smoothing it over with rhymes. The final way in which we can compare how Owen powerfully portrays the consequences of war in these poems is by looking at their tone. The first and last stanza of ‘Disabled' have a melancholy tone, which Owen achieves by using language such as ‘ghastly', ‘saddening, ‘pity' and ‘cold'. He also juxtaposes the words ‘dark' and ‘grey', to create a general tone of gloom.The rest of the stanza's fluctuate between a tone of regret and despair, and one of bittersweet reminiscence, as the subject contemplates the past and present. In comparison, ‘Me ntal Cases' has a brutally honest tone all the way through, although it changes from questioning at the beginning to guilty towards the end. Owen achieves this guilty tone with the line â€Å"Snatching after us who smote them ,brother,† in which the narrator accepts that he and his companion are partly to blame for the tragic ending the men in front of them have, and the word ‘brother' suggests that he feels closer to his companion because of this shared guilt.In conclusion, although each poem powerfully portrays a different kind of consequence that war could have on a soldier, they both seem to agree that the losses the subjects of each poem endured were a great sacrifice to them, and one which is irreversible. Another point which the poems seem to recognize, is that their losses were a mistake – it was not worth it. This is shown in disabled by the subjects regret and in ‘Mental Cases' by the narrators guilt at sending the subjects to war.

Animl Experimentation essays

Animl Experimentation essays According to Agnus Taylor, author of Magpies, Monkeys, and Morals, animal right supporters believe that it is the rights of animals to be left alone by humans and not used in experiments or research. Due to the efforts of animal rights activists, the use of animals in research dropped by fifty percent in the period from 1990 to 2000. Suggestion from the author is that scientist can use other means of experimentation other than using animals, however, Taylor gives no suggestions on how this may be done. Scientist believe that it is necessary to experiment and do research on animals as it is vital for our future, pointing out that animals also benefit from the research. According to scientists, over 80 medicines originally developed for humans are now being used to treat pets, farm animals, and wildlife. The animals rights view is controversial and has produced much opposition. In Magpies, Monkeys, and Morals, Taylor provides a theory of animals rights in experimentation that derives from our conventional and moral views. Although she tackles some of the more difficult philosophical problems on animal rights ethics, her presentation provides a clear outlook on the views of animal rightist in animal research. The author however, lacks direction in a solution on how to fix the problem she is posing in using other sources for the research. Conclusion is, although scientist believe using animals in research is necessary, activists believe it is cruel mistreatment of the animal and needs to be monitored or abolished. ...

Colorectal cancer target referralcancer detection rate and diagnostic Essay

Colorectal cancer target referralcancer detection rate and diagnostic efficacy of the criteria - Essay Example Etiology of colorectal carcinoma is not clear but a few etiological factors have been implicated. These are as under, 1. Geographic variations: The incidence of large bowel carcinoma shows wide variation throughout the world. It is much more common in North America, Northern Europe, then in South America, Africa, and Asia. Colorectal cancer is generally thought to be a disease of affluent societies because its incidence is directly correlated with the socioeconomic status of the countries. 2. Dietary factors: Diet plays a significant part in the causation of colorectal cancer. A low intake of vegetable fiber-diet leading to low stool bulk is associated with higher risk of colorectal carcinoma. Consumption of large amounts of fatty foods by populations results in excessive cholesterol and their metabolites which may be carcinogenic. Excessive consumption of refined carbohydrates that remain in contact with colonic mucosa for prolonged duration changes the bacterial flora of the bowel, thus resulting in production of carcinogenic substances. 3. Adeno-carcinoma sequence: There is strong evidence to suggest that colonic adenoma-carcinoma arises from pre-existing adenomas referred to as adeno-carcinoma sequence. Incidence of adenomas in population is directly proportional to the prevalence of colorectal cancer. 4. ... cular genetics have revealed that there are sequential multi-step mutations in evolution of colorectal cancer from adenomas by mechanisms such as -catenin mechanism and microsatellite instability mechanism. Distribution of the primary colorectal cancer reveals that about 60% of the cases occur in the rectum, followed in descending order, by sigmoid and descending colon (25%), caecum and ileocaecal valve (10%), ascending colon, hepatic and splenic flexures (5%); and quite uncommonly in the tranverse colon. Clinical symptoms in colorectal cancer appear after considerable time. These include occult bleeding, changes in bowel habits, loss of weight ( cachexia), loss of appetitie (anorexia), anemia, weakness, malaise. The most common complications are obstruction and hemorrhage; less often perforation and secondary infection may occur. The prognosis of colorectal cancer depends upon few variables such as extent of bowel movement, presence or absence of metastases, histological grade of tumor and location of the tumor. The most important prognostic factor in CRC is however, the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Three staging systems are in use. They include Duke's ABC staging, Astler - Coller Staging which is a further modification of Duke's Staging and TNM staging described by American Joint Committee (Mohan 601). The methods used in the diagnosis of CRC are as follows: Fecal Occult Blood Testing (FOBT) FOBT is one of the most effective methods for colorectal cancer screening. Reports reveala reduction in colorectal cancer mortality of 12%-33% in a long-term follow up available in four randomized controlled trials and three non-randomized trials of 330,000 and 200,000 individuals respectively. FOBT isvery acceptable as it is non-invasive,programme.

Introduction to Nursing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Introduction to Nursing research - Essay Example The purpose of this study as explained by the authors was to assess whether self-monitoring of blood glucose was effective in treating the glycemic control of the patient and in helping them deal with the psychological effects of being newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. There were no specific research questions in this study but one could assume that the research questions were: Will patients who are newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes show improvement in glycemic control because of their self-management? Also, will immediate feedback insure compliance with medication requirements and determine patient attitude toward their disease? These questions can be inferred by the two-fold purpose of the study(O’Kane et al., 2008). The basic concept is that the researchers wanted to understand how self-monitoring effected the attitudes and the self-monitoring of newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. The phenomena studied was type 2 diabetes in adult males, aged 70 or older (O’Kane et al., 2008). This was a quantitative study that used a â€Å"a randomised controlled trial† (O’Kane et al., 2008, para. 11) that used two groups. One group was asked to self-monitor their glucose concentrations regularly, ( the intervention group) and the second group was asked not to monitor their glucose concentrations (the control group). The patients were newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and they were recruited from several diabetes services in several cities in Ireland. The age of the patients was 70 and above, and the study was done between 2002 and 2005. Some doctors referred specific participants. The exclusion criteria for the participants was patients that were in secondary stages of diabetes, those who used insulin or who were already self-monitoring, those who had major diseases within the last six months, those with chronic kidney or liver disease, and those who were abusing alcohol (O’Kane